What does the term "thermal shock" refer to?

The term "thermal shock" specifically refers to damage that occurs due to rapid temperature fluctuations. This phenomenon can take place when a material, particularly metals or ceramics, is exposed to a sudden change in temperature, causing it to expand or contract quickly. In the context of boiler systems, thermal shock can occur when cold water rapidly enters a hot boiler, leading to stress and potential cracking or deformation of components. Understanding this concept is crucial for maintaining the integrity and safety of boiler systems, as preventing thermal shock is essential for avoiding failures that could result from extreme temperature variations.