What is a major consequence of inadequate water treatment in a boiler?

Inadequate water treatment in a boiler can lead to scale buildup, which is a significant issue in the operation and maintenance of boilers. When water is not properly treated, minerals such as calcium and magnesium can precipitate out of the water and accumulate on the heat exchange surfaces. This scale acts as an insulating layer, which inhibits heat transfer from the hot metal surfaces to the water. As a result, the boiler must work harder to maintain the desired temperature, leading to reduced efficiency. Additionally, excessive scale buildup can cause overheating of the metal components, potentially leading to mechanical failure or even boiler explosions. This underscores the importance of maintaining proper water chemistry in the boiler system to prevent scale formation and ensure safe, efficient operation.